Muhammad Iqbal was born on 22nd February, 1873, in the ancient city of Sialkot which stands close to the Kashmir Border in West Pakistan. Sialkot is favourite for its sports goods and of course for Iqbal.
Iqbal's family came from Kashmir. They were high caste Brahmins. One of Iqbal's ancestors embraced Islam while the family was still in Kashmir. Later they migrated to Punjab and settled down in Sialkot.
Iqbal studied at the Scotch Mission School, and The Murray College, Sialkot, before he came to the Government College Lahore, where he passed his M.A in Philosophy. After his M.A he taught for a while at Oriental College and The Government College at Lahore, but subsequently, thanks largely to the advice and encouragement of his teacher, Sir Thomas Arnold, he decided to proceed abroad for higher studies.
Iqbal stayed in Europe from 1905 to 1908. He studied Philosophy at the Universities of Heidelberg, Munich and Cambridge, and Law in London. He presented his thesis on the Development of Metaphysics in Percia to the Munich University which conferred on him the degree of Ph.D. This was an original contribution to the subject and still retains its importance.
Iqbal'a poetic career began in his school days. His earlier poems show him as a lover of nature and as patriot in love with his country. Iqbal was indeed an ardent Indian Nationalist at close quarters in its various manifestations and came to realize the fundamental antithesis between the narrow creed of racial and geographical loyalty and the broad humanistic outlook of Islam. This revolutionarised his attitude towards life. He was no longer the poet of an individual group; he had become the poet of humanity.
Iqbal's first great poem is the Asrar-i-Khudi or the secrets of the self. This was an epoch-making poem and made some of his younger admires hail as a Messiah, who had come to give new life to a dead world. Its translation, by Professor Nicholson, introduced Iqbal to the English speaking world and laid the foundation of that fame and influence which has grown steadily through the years.
The Secret of the Self was followed by a number of other poems, including the Rumuz-i-Bekhudi or the mysteries of Selflessness, the Payam-i-Mashriq or the Message of the East, the Zabur-i-Ajam or the Persian Psalms, the Bal-i-Jibril or Gabriel's Wing, the Zarb-i-Kalim or the Master-Stroke of Moses, the Musafir or the Traveler and lastly the posthumous Armaghan-i-Hijaz or the Gift of the Hedjaz. His earlier Urdu Poems were collected and published by him in his own life time under the title of Bang-i-Dira or the sound of Caravan Bells.
Iqbal was the chief symbol of the emotional and ideological developments which led to the revival of Islamic culture in the Sub-Continent and eventually to the establishment of Pakistan as an independent state. He was the first person in the East to have studied Islam in the light of modern philosophical concepts and to have brought out the significance and lasting character of the basic Islamic culture. Iqbal was actively associated with the politics from the later nineteen-twenties till the day of his death, the 21st of Aprail, 1938.
There are some Biographical Notes on Sir Muhammad Iqbal:Iqbal's family came from Kashmir. They were high caste Brahmins. One of Iqbal's ancestors embraced Islam while the family was still in Kashmir. Later they migrated to Punjab and settled down in Sialkot.
Iqbal studied at the Scotch Mission School, and The Murray College, Sialkot, before he came to the Government College Lahore, where he passed his M.A in Philosophy. After his M.A he taught for a while at Oriental College and The Government College at Lahore, but subsequently, thanks largely to the advice and encouragement of his teacher, Sir Thomas Arnold, he decided to proceed abroad for higher studies.
Iqbal stayed in Europe from 1905 to 1908. He studied Philosophy at the Universities of Heidelberg, Munich and Cambridge, and Law in London. He presented his thesis on the Development of Metaphysics in Percia to the Munich University which conferred on him the degree of Ph.D. This was an original contribution to the subject and still retains its importance.
Iqbal'a poetic career began in his school days. His earlier poems show him as a lover of nature and as patriot in love with his country. Iqbal was indeed an ardent Indian Nationalist at close quarters in its various manifestations and came to realize the fundamental antithesis between the narrow creed of racial and geographical loyalty and the broad humanistic outlook of Islam. This revolutionarised his attitude towards life. He was no longer the poet of an individual group; he had become the poet of humanity.
Iqbal's first great poem is the Asrar-i-Khudi or the secrets of the self. This was an epoch-making poem and made some of his younger admires hail as a Messiah, who had come to give new life to a dead world. Its translation, by Professor Nicholson, introduced Iqbal to the English speaking world and laid the foundation of that fame and influence which has grown steadily through the years.
The Secret of the Self was followed by a number of other poems, including the Rumuz-i-Bekhudi or the mysteries of Selflessness, the Payam-i-Mashriq or the Message of the East, the Zabur-i-Ajam or the Persian Psalms, the Bal-i-Jibril or Gabriel's Wing, the Zarb-i-Kalim or the Master-Stroke of Moses, the Musafir or the Traveler and lastly the posthumous Armaghan-i-Hijaz or the Gift of the Hedjaz. His earlier Urdu Poems were collected and published by him in his own life time under the title of Bang-i-Dira or the sound of Caravan Bells.
Iqbal was the chief symbol of the emotional and ideological developments which led to the revival of Islamic culture in the Sub-Continent and eventually to the establishment of Pakistan as an independent state. He was the first person in the East to have studied Islam in the light of modern philosophical concepts and to have brought out the significance and lasting character of the basic Islamic culture. Iqbal was actively associated with the politics from the later nineteen-twenties till the day of his death, the 21st of Aprail, 1938.
| Name | Shaikh Muhammad Iqbal | |
| Date of Birth | 09.11.1877 | |
| Place of Birth | Sialkot - Pakistan | |
| Parents: | Father | -Shaikh Noor Muahmmad |
| Mother | -Mst. Imam Bibi | |
| Family: | wife | -Mst. Sardar Begum |
| Son | -Dr. Javed Iqbal [born 1924] | |
| Daughter | -Munirah Begum [born 1930] | |
| Important Mile-Stones in the life: | ||
| 1899 | M.A. (Philosophy) Lahore Government College | |
| 1908 | Bar-at Law. London Lincolns Inn London | |
| 1908 | Ph.D. (Philosophy) Germany Munich University | |
| 1908 | Lahore Practised Law. | |
| 1911 | Lahore Lecturer (Philosophy). | |
| 1925-28 | Member of Punjab Legislative Assembly Lahore. | |
| 1930 | Allahabad Advocated Idea of Pakistan. [India] | |
| 1931 | Attended the Second Round Table Conference. [London] | |
| 1932 | Attended the Third Round Table Conference. [London] | |
| 1935-38 | Lived in Javed Manzil, Mcleod Road Lahore. | |
| 21.04.38 | Lahore Died of Malfunctioning of the Kidneys followed by cataract in the eyes and then a septic throat that made him speechless. | |
| Litrary Achivements: | ||
| 1922 | Knighted for Excellence in the Literature. | |
| 1928 | Lectured at University of Madras - India. "The Reconstruction of Religious thought in Islam." A series of Lectures published 1930. | |
| 1933 | Honorary D.Litt. Conferred by the Punjab University. | |
| 1935 | Elected Rhodes Memorial Lecturer at Oxford University. | |
| Author of: | ||
| 1915 | The Secrets of Self - Israr-e-Khudi -Persian | |
| 1916 | The Secrets of SelfLessness - Rumuz-e-Bekhudi -Persian | |
| 1923 | The Message of the East - Payam-e-Mashriq -Percian | |
| 1924 | The Clarion Call - Banag-e-Dara -Urdu | |
| 1927 | The Percian Psalms - Zaboor-e-Ajam -Percian | |
| 1932 | The Book of Eternity - Javed Nama -Percian | |
| 1934 | Hence What Next, Pass Cheh Bayed Kard -Percian O Nationa of the East - Eh Aqwam-e-Sharq | |
| 1935 | The Wing of Gabriel - Bal-e-Gabriel - Urdu | |
| 1936 | The Blow of Moses - Zarb-e-Kaleem - Urdu | |
| 1938 | The Gift from Hejaz Armughan-e-Hejaz - Percian | |
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